![]() This turns ratio value dictates the operation of the transformer and the corresponding voltage available on the secondary winding. This ratio, called the ratio of transformation, more commonly known as a transformers “turns ratio”, ( TR ). The difference in voltage between the primary and the secondary windings is achieved by changing the number of coil turns in the primary winding ( N P ) compared to the number of coil turns on the secondary winding ( N S ).Īs the transformer is basically a linear device, a ratio now exists between the number of turns of the primary coil divided by the number of turns of the secondary coil. This type of transformer is called an “Impedance Transformer” and is mainly used for impedance matching or the isolation of adjoining electrical circuits. In other words, its output is identical with respect to voltage, current and power transferred. However, a third condition exists in which a transformer produces the same voltage on its secondary as is applied to its primary winding. When it is used to “decrease” the voltage on the secondary winding with respect to the primary it is called a Step-down transformer. When a transformer is used to “increase” the voltage on its secondary winding with respect to the primary, it is called a Step-up transformer. A single-phase transformer can operate to either increase or decrease the voltage applied to the primary winding. ![]() Notice that the two coil windings are not electrically connected but are only linked magnetically. N S – is the Number of Secondary Windings.N P – is the Number of Primary Windings.While the job of the secondary winding is to convert this alternating magnetic field into electrical power producing the required output voltage as shown. Generally, the primary winding of a transformer is connected to the input voltage supply and converts or transforms the electrical power into a magnetic field. In other words, for a transformer there is no direct electrical connection between the two coil windings, thereby giving it the name also of an Isolation Transformer. When an electric current passed through the primary winding, a magnetic field is developed which induces a voltage into the secondary winding and this transformer basics operating principle shown below. The primary and secondary windings are electrically isolated from each other but are magnetically linked through the common core allowing electrical power to be transferred from one coil to the other. This soft iron core is not solid but made up of individual laminations connected together to help reduce the core’s magnetic losses. These two coils are not in electrical contact with each other but are instead wrapped together around a common closed magnetic iron circuit called the “core”. In a single-phase voltage transformer the primary is usually the side with the higher voltage. For this tutorial we will define the “primary” side of the transformer as the side that usually takes power, and the “secondary” as the side that usually delivers power. Transformers are capable of either increasing or decreasing the voltage and current levels of their supply, without modifying its frequency, or the amount of electrical power being transferred from one winding to another via the magnetic circuit.Ī single phase voltage transformer basically consists of two electrical coils of wire, one called the “Primary Winding” and another called the “Secondary Winding”. These higher AC transmission voltages and currents can then be reduced to a much lower, safer and usable voltage level where it can be used to supply electrical equipment in our homes and workplaces, and all this is possible thanks to the transformer basics of the Voltage Transformer. The reason for transforming the voltage to a much higher level is that higher distribution voltages implies lower currents for the same power and therefore lower I 2*R losses along the networked grid of cables. ![]() One of the main reasons that we use alternating AC voltages and currents in our homes and workplace’s is that AC supplies can be easily generated at a convenient voltage, transformed (hence the name transformer) into much higher voltages and then distributed around the country using a national grid of pylons and cables over very long distances. In this tutorial about transformer basics, we will se that a transformer has no internal moving parts, and are typically used because a change in voltage is required to transfer energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction.
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